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A memristor (/ ˈ m ɛ m r ɪ s t ər /; a portmanteau of memory resistor) is a non-linear two-terminal electrical component relating electric charge and magnetic flux linkage.It was described and named in 1971 by Leon Chua, completing a theoretical quartet of fundamental electrical components which also comprises the resistor, capacitor and inductor.
While the memristor is defined in terms of a two-terminal circuit element, there was an implementation of a three-terminal device called a memistor developed by Bernard Widrow in 1960. Memistors formed basic components of a neural network architecture called ADALINE developed by Widrow. [1] [2] The memistor was also used in MADALINE.
The simplest example of a memristive circuit or network is a memristors crossbar. A memristor crossbar is often used as a way to address single memristors for a variety of applications in artificial intelligence. However, this is a one particular example of memristive network arranged on a two dimensional grid.
On the other hand, a cross-point architecture is more compact and may enable vertically stacking memory layers, ideal suited for mass-storage devices. However, in the absence of any transistors, isolation must be provided by a "selector" device, such as a diode, in series with the memory element or by the memory element itself. Such isolation ...
These types of devices would allow for a synapse model that could realise a learning rule, by which the synaptic efficacy is altered by voltages applied to the terminals of the device. An example of such a learning rule is spike-timing-dependant-plasticty by which the weight of the synapse, in this case the conductivity, could be modulated ...
A radio-frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) is a microelectromechanical system with electronic components comprising moving sub-millimeter-sized parts that provide radio-frequency (RF) functionality. [1] RF functionality can be implemented using a variety of RF technologies.
An early example of a MEMS device is the resonant-gate transistor, an adaptation of the MOSFET, developed by Robert A. Wickstrom for Harvey C. Nathanson in 1965. [4] Another early example is the resonistor, an electromechanical monolithic resonator patented by Raymond J. Wilfinger between 1966 and 1971.
MEMS clock generators are useful in complex systems that require multiple frequencies, such as data servers and telecom switches. MEMS real-time clocks are used in systems that require precise time measurements. Smart meters for gas and electricity are an example that is consuming significant quantities of these devices.