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In pharmaceutical sciences, drug interactions occur when a drug's mechanism of action is affected by the concomitant administration of substances such as foods, beverages, or other drugs. A popular example of drug–food interaction is the effect of grapefruit on the metabolism of drugs .
The concept of "molecular glue" originated in the late 20th century, with immunosuppressants like cyclosporine A (CsA) and FK506 identified as pioneering examples. [2] CsA, discovered in 1971 during routine screening for antifungal antibiotics, exhibited immunosuppressive properties by inhibiting the peptidyl–prolyl isomerase activity of cyclophilin, ultimately preventing organ transplant ...
Every medication has potential adverse side-effects. With every drug added, there is an additive risk of side-effects. Also, some medications have interactions with other substances, including foods, other medications, and herbal supplements. [46] 15% of older adults are potentially at risk for a major drug-drug interaction. [47]
Germline mutations in drug targets can also influence response to medications, though this is an emerging subfield within pharmacogenomics. One well-established gene-drug interaction involving a germline mutation to a drug target is warfarin (Coumadin) and VKORC1, which codes for vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR).
In addition to the added potency, the drug has a “low cost,” which leads drug dealers to mix fentanyl with drugs like “heroin, methamphetamine and cocaine, increasing the likelihood of a ...
By knowing the interaction between a certain site of a drug and a receptor, other drugs can be formulated in a way that replicates this interaction, thus producing the same therapeutic effects. Indeed, this method is used to create new drugs. It can help identify which patients are most likely to respond to treatment.
Combination therapy or polytherapy is therapy that uses more than one medication or modality. Typically, the term refers to using multiple therapies to treat a single disease, and often all the therapies are pharmaceutical (although it can also involve non-medical therapy, such as the combination of medications and talk therapy to treat depression).
Those attitudes dissipated as addicts and doctors saw that using buprenorphine did not simply mean replacing one drug with another — it worked. “Buprenorphine became the first-line treatment,” Auriacombe said, adding that the medication has helped to change public and law enforcement perceptions about addicts.