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The separation is based on the differential partitioning between the mobile and the stationary phases. Subtle differences in a compound's partition coefficient result in differential retention on the stationary phase and thus affect the separation. [1] Chromatography may be preparative or analytical.
A faster method of log P determination makes use of high-performance liquid chromatography. The log P of a solute can be determined by correlating its retention time with similar compounds with known log P values. [40] An advantage of this method is that it is fast (5–20 minutes per sample).
Solvophobic theory attempts to explain interactions between polar solvents and non-polar solutes.In the pure solvent, there are relatively strong cohesive forces between the solvent molecules due to hydrogen bonding or other polar interactions.
The factors affecting the retention and separation of solutes in the reversed phase chromatographic system are as follows: a. The chemical nature of the stationary phase, i.e., the ligands bonded on its surface, as well as their bonding density, namely the extent of their coverage. b. The composition of the mobile phase. Type of the bulk ...
Paper chromatography is a useful technique because it is relatively quick and requires only small quantities of material. Separations in paper chromatography involve the principle of partition. In paper chromatography, substances are distributed between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) or ion chromatography (IC) [32] is an analytical technique for the separation and determination of ionic solutes in aqueous samples from environmental and industrial origins such as metal industry, industrial waste water, in biological systems, pharmaceutical samples, food, etc. Retention is based on the ...
Affinity chromatography can be used in a number of applications, including nucleic acid purification, protein purification [9] from cell free extracts, and purification from blood. By using affinity chromatography, one can separate proteins that bind to a certain fragment from proteins that do not bind that specific fragment. [10]
Size-exclusion chromatography, also known as molecular sieve chromatography, [1] is a chromatographic method in which molecules in solution are separated by their shape, and in some cases size. [2] It is usually applied to large molecules or macromolecular complexes such as proteins and industrial polymers . [ 3 ]