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The most common cause is certain medications such as lamotrigine, carbamazepine, allopurinol, sulfonamide antibiotics, and nevirapine. [2] Other causes can include infections such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus or the cause may remain unknown. [3] [4] Risk factors include HIV/AIDS and systemic lupus erythematosus. [2]
Myoclonus (Twitching or Muscle spasm) Rash; Abnormal orgasm (females) Urinary retention (Inability to pass urine) Angioedema (Swelling of skin or mucous membranes) Agitation; Impaired coordination & balance; Alopecia (Hair loss) Tinnitus (Ringing in the ears, Hearing sounds) Proteinuria (Protein in urine)
Maculopapular rash (MPR) is a less-well defined and benign form of drug-induced adverse skin reactions; while not classified in the SCARs group, it shares a similar pathophysiology with SCARs and is caused by some of the same drugs which cause SCARs. [2] Adverse drug reactions are major therapeutic problems estimated to afflict up to 20% of ...
The causes vary, but are often rooted in excess oil and bacteria on the face, chest, or back, which can be triggered by hormonal issues, stress, certain foods, and irritating products.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a rare cause of SJS in adults; the risk is higher for older patients, women, and those initiating treatment. [27] Typically, the symptoms of drug-induced SJS arise within a week of starting the medication. Similar to NSAIDs, paracetamol (acetaminophen) has also caused rare cases [28] [29] of SJS.
The symptoms of DRESS syndrome usually begin 2 to 6 weeks but uncommonly up to 8–16 weeks after exposure to an offending drug. Symptoms generally include fever, an often itchy rash which may be morbilliform or consist mainly of macules or plaques, facial edema (i.e. swelling, which is a hallmark of the disease), enlarged and sometimes painful lymph nodes, and other symptoms due to ...
They should wear high-protection sunscreen and protective clothing. Surgery may be required to remove calcium deposits that cause nerve pain and recurrent infections. [27] Antimalarial medications, especially hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, are used to treat the rashes, as is done for similar conditions. [10]
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.