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Critical incident stress management (CISM) is a system of support for individuals and groups who have been exposed to trauma. It is a form of psychological first aid. It includes pre-incident preparedness and acute crisis management through post-crisis follow-up.
PTSD Symptom Scale – Self-Report Version (PSS-SR) is a 17-item self-reported questionnaire to assess symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. [1] Each of the 17 items describe PTSD symptoms which respondents rate in terms of their frequency or severity using a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (not at all or only one time) to 3 (almost always or five or more times per week).
The Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) is a psychological evaluation/assessment instrument that taps symptoms of Posttraumatic stress disorder and other posttraumatic emotional problems. It was originally published in 1995 [1] by its developer, John Briere. It is one of the most widely used measures of posttraumatic symptomatology.
This version had 20 items scored on a Likert Scale. The UCLA PTSD Index for DSM-IV is a revised version of the DSM-III-R that reflects the modified diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV. In the DSM-IV version, child, parent, and adolescent forms and subsequent scoring sheets were developed.
The CPSS was created with the intention of quickly and efficiently assessing all PTSD symptoms in many children. The following DSM-IV criteria for PTSD needed to be assessed in the three symptom clusters using a 7 item assessment: re-experiencing, avoidance, arousal symptoms [7] and trauma-related functional impairments. [1]
Examples of symptoms of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder include intrusive symptoms such as flashbacks and nightmares, as well as symptoms of avoidance (including amnesia for the whole or parts of the event), uncomfortable sexual intimacy, discomfort being touched, abstinence, fear of pregnancy, and avoidance of birth- and pregnancy-related issues.
Long-term prognosis frequently is complicated by pain; more than half of trauma patients have moderate to severe pain one year after injury. [74] Many also experience a reduced quality of life years after an injury, [75] with 20% of victims sustaining some form of disability. [76]
Compassion fatigue is a form of traumatic stress resulting from repeated exposure to traumatized individuals [4] or aversive details of traumatic events while working in a helping or protecting profession. [5] This indirect form of trauma exposure differs from experiencing trauma oneself. [1]