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According to Bisel et al. (2011), "denying unethical communication challenges both positive and negative face of the hearer”. An expression of disapproval threatens a person's positive face which indicates the hearer's need for approval and it impacts the person's negative face because it affects the person's autonomy.
[49] [45] [page needed] Oetzel et al. (2000) defined "facework" as "the communicative strategies one uses to enact self-face and to uphold, support, or challenge another person's face". In terms of interpersonal communication , Facework refers to an individual's identity in a social world and how that identity is created, reinforced, diminished ...
The study was able to identify face-saving acts and all four politeness strategies at work. The author states, "Reviewers usually appear to have in mind the addressee's positive face (the desire to be liked and be approved of) as well as his negative face (the desire to be left free to act as he chooses)."
Marion County Election Board [citation needed], a facial challenge has been rejected with either the court or concurring Justices intimating that the upheld statute might be vulnerable to an as-applied challenge. In First Amendment cases, another type of facial challenge is enunciated in the overbreadth doctrine. If a statute reaches to include ...
Identity management theory explores the role of face, negotiation, and identity convergence in regard to intercultural communication. IMT seeks to explain how the development of interpersonal relationships is the means by which cultural identities are negotiated. [ 1 ]
Grounding in communication theory has described conversation as a form of collaborative action. [2] While grounding in communication theory has been applied to mediated communication, the theory primarily addresses face-to-face conversation. Groups working together will ground their conversations by coming up with common ground or mutual knowledge.
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The first essay, "On Face-work", discusses the concept of face, which is the positive self-image a person holds when interacting with others. Goffman believes that face "as a sociological construct of interaction is neither inherent in nor a permanent aspect of the person". [ 6 ]