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Figure 1: Comparative Costs and Production Volumes For Processing of Plastics. The economics of plastics processing is determined by the type of process.Plastics can be processed with the following methods: machining, compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding, extrusion, rotational molding, blow molding, thermoforming, casting, forging, and foam molding.
About half of the world's PVC production capacity is ... additional weight and minimal extra cost ... 800,000 tonnes per year of PVC by 2020 including 100,000 tonnes ...
The mercury-based technology is the main production method in China due to low price on coal from which acetylene is produced, [3] [2] with over 80% of national capacity as of 2018, even though the resulting PVC contains residues and is only suitable for low-end products like pipes. [15]
After the war, PVC was not a popular choice of materials in the marine industry due to its density. In the 1970s, the need for a strong, moisture-resistant material led to plastic manufactures working with PVC to make it lighter. This led to the creation of PVC foamboard, by combining PVC with polyurea at the molecular level. [1]
While much smaller in volume than other chemical sectors, their products tend to have high prices – over ten dollars per pound – growth rates of 1.5 to 6 times GDP, and research and development spending at 15 to 25% of sales. Life science products are usually produced with high specifications and are closely scrutinized by government ...
Folding chairs called faldstools were treasured as liturgical furniture pieces, used by bishops when not residing at their own cathedral. In the United States, an early patent for a folding chair was by John Cram in 1855. [5] On July 7, 1911, Nathaniel Alexander patented a folding chair [6] whose main innovation was including a book rest. [7]
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is produced through exposing PVC to the continued free-radical chlorination reaction that originally formulates the PVC polymer. The chlorination reaction continues to add chlorine atoms to the polymer hydrocarbon backbone until most commercial applications reach a percent range between 56 and 74% total ...
It has good chemical and heat resistance, high gloss, good antistatic properties, and is tough and rigid. It is used in applications requiring weatherability, e.g. commercial siding, outside parts of vehicles, or outdoor furniture. [4] ASA is compatible with some other plastics, namely polyvinyl chloride and polycarbonate. ASA-PVC compounds are ...