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Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...
Each system must meet the manufactures sizing guidelines. Each system must also have equipment that meets the minimum efficiency that is in a table in the ASHRAE 90.1 document. The pipes that hold the hot water need to be insulated and there are certain insulation requirements for each system type and piping material.
While pipe sizes in Australia are inch-based, they are classified by outside rather than inside diameter (e.g., a nominal 3 ⁄ 4 inch copper pipe in Australia has measured diameters of 0.750 inches outside and 0.638 inches inside, whereas a nominal 3 ⁄ 4 inch copper pipe in the U.S. and Canada has measured diameters of 0.875 inch outside and ...
During the IPS period, pipes were cast in halves and welded together, and pipe sizes referred to the inside diameters. [1] The inside diameters under IPS were roughly the same as the more modern Ductile Iron Pipe Standard (DIPS) and Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) Standards, and some of the wall thicknesses were also retained with a different ...
Designating the outside diameter allows pipes of the same size to be fit together no matter what the wall thickness. For pipe sizes less than NPS 14 inch (DN 350), both methods give a nominal value for the OD that is rounded off and is not the same as the actual OD. For example, NPS 2 inch and DN 50 are the same pipe, but the actual OD is 2.375 ...
Insulated pipes (called also preinsulated pipes or bonded pipe [1]) are widely used for district heating and hot water supply. They consist of a steel pipe called "service pipe", a thermal insulation layer and an outer casing. The insulation bonds the service pipe and the casing together.
For example, a 4" pipe, with 1" of thermal insulation makes a 6" penetrant (1" pipe covering on each side of the pipe), plus two pipe sizes = an 8" sleeve, creating a 1" annulus. In case of insulated piping, the size of the insulation must be taken into account for the intended firestop certification listing .
The application of thermal pipe insulation introduces thermal resistance and reduces the heat flow. Thicknesses of thermal pipe insulation used for saving energy vary, but as a general rule, pipes operating at more-extreme temperatures exhibit a greater heat flow and larger thicknesses are applied due to the greater potential savings. [3]
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