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An MSA plate with Micrococcus sp. (1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2) and S. aureus colonies (3). Mannitol salt agar or MSA is a commonly used selective and differential growth medium in microbiology. It encourages the growth of a group of certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others. [1]
DNA synthesis occurs in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes, as well as some viruses. The accurate synthesis of DNA is important in order to avoid mutations to DNA. In humans, mutations could lead to diseases such as cancer so DNA synthesis, and the machinery involved in vivo, has been studied extensively throughout the decades. In the future these ...
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. [1] Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner ( cytoplasmic ) membrane and an outer ...
Propidium monoazide (PMA) is a photoreactive DNA-binding dye that preferentially binds to dsDNA.It is used to detect viable microorganisms by qPCR. [1] Visible light (high power halogen lamps or specific LED devices [2]) induces a photoreaction of the chemical that will lead to a covalent bond with PMA and the dsDNA.
Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is the process or the result of sequence alignment of three or more biological sequences, generally protein, DNA, or RNA. These alignments are used to infer evolutionary relationships via phylogenetic analysis and can highlight homologous features between sequences.
Figure 1: Schematic of the cell cycle. outer ring: I = Interphase, M = Mitosis; inner ring: M = Mitosis, G 1 = Gap 1, G 2 = Gap 2, S = Synthesis; not in ring: G 0 = Gap 0/Resting. Replication timing refers to the order in which segments of DNA along the length of a chromosome are duplicated.
After that, E. coli cells with only 15 N in their DNA were transferred to a 14 N medium and were allowed to divide; the progress of cell division was monitored by microscopic cell counts and by colony assay. DNA was extracted periodically and was compared to pure 14 N DNA and 15 N DNA. After one replication, the DNA was found to have ...
Columbia Nalidixic Acid (CNA) agar is a growth medium used for the isolation and cultivation of bacteria from clinical and non-clinical specimens. CNA agar contains antibiotics (nalidixic acid and colistin) that inhibit Gram-negative organisms, aiding in the selective isolation of Gram-positive bacteria. [1]