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  2. Wigner effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner_effect

    A neutron's energy can vary widely, but it is not uncommon to have energies up to and exceeding 10 MeV (10,000,000 eV) in the centre of a nuclear reactor. A neutron with a significant amount of energy will create a displacement cascade in a matrix via elastic collisions. For example, a 1 MeV neutron striking graphite will create 900 ...

  3. Discovery of graphene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_graphene

    The structure of graphite was identified in 1916 [7] by the related method of powder diffraction. [8] It was studied in detail by Kohlschütter and Haenni in 1918, who described the properties of graphite oxide paper. [9] Its structure was determined from single-crystal diffraction in 1924. [10] The theory of graphene was first explored by P. R ...

  4. X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

    The structure of graphite was solved in 1916 [40] by the related method of powder diffraction, [41] which was developed by Peter Debye and Paul Scherrer and, independently, by Albert Hull in 1917. [42] The structure of graphite was determined from single-crystal diffraction in 1924 by two groups independently.

  5. Graphite intercalation compound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite_intercalation...

    Calcium graphite CaC 6 is obtained by immersing highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in liquid Li–Ca alloy for 10 days at 350 °C. The crystal structure of CaC 6 belongs to the R 3 m space group. The graphite interlayer distance increases upon Ca intercalation from 3.35 to 4.524 Å, and the carbon-carbon distance increases from 1.42 to 1.444 Å.

  6. Graphite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite

    The expanded graphite can be used to make graphite foil or used directly as a "hot top" compound to insulate molten metal in a ladle or red-hot steel ingots and decrease heat loss, or as firestops fitted around a fire door or in sheet metal collars surrounding plastic pipe (during a fire, the graphite expands and chars to resist fire ...

  7. Allotropes of carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbon

    The Laves graph or K 4 crystal is a theoretically predicted three-dimensional crystalline metastable carbon structure in which each carbon atom is bonded to three others, at 120° angles (like graphite), but where the bond planes of adjacent layers lie at an angle of 70.5°, rather than coinciding.

  8. Dirac cone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_cone

    In physics, Dirac cones are features that occur in some electronic band structures that describe unusual electron transport properties of materials like graphene and topological insulators. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In these materials, at energies near the Fermi level , the valence band and conduction band take the shape of the upper and lower halves ...

  9. AA'-graphite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AA'-graphite

    AA'-graphite is an allotrope of carbon similar to graphite, but where the layers are positioned differently to each other as compared to the order in graphite.. AA’ stacking of graphene planes is another crystalline form of graphite (orthorhombic, Fig. 1) which is metastable for Bernal AB graphite (Fig. 2) and reveals a nanocrystalline feature.