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Chronic stress is the physiological or psychological response induced by a long-term internal or external stressor. [1] The stressor, either physically present or recollected, will produce the same effect and trigger a chronic stress response. [ 1 ]
Loneliness follows a U-shaped distribution across the life course, peaking in adolescence and late adulthood while being less common in middle adulthood. [1] Unlike the transient nature of loneliness during younger ages—often associated with life transitions like entering adulthood or starting a career—loneliness in older adulthood tends to persist.
Side effects of antipsychotics like haloperidol; SSRI or SNRI medications; As explained in a 2008 study, in people with mood disorders there is a dynamic link between their mood and the way they move. [6] People showing signs of psychomotor agitation may be experiencing mental tension and anxiety, which comes out physically as: fast or ...
During times of stress, the body reacts by secreting stress hormones into the bloodstream. Stress can cause acute and chronic changes in certain brain areas which can cause long-term damage. [4] Over-secretion of stress hormones most frequently impairs long-term delayed recall memory, but can enhance short-term, immediate recall memory.
Long-term emotional abuse has long term debilitating effects on a person's sense of self and integrity. [43] Often, research shows that emotional abuse is a precursor to physical abuse when three particular forms of emotional abuse are present in the relationship: threats, restriction of the abused party and damage to the victim's property.
The enhancing effects of emotional arousal on later memory recall tend to be maintained among older adults and the amygdala shows relatively less decline than many other brain regions. [75] However, older adults also show somewhat of a shift towards favoring positive over negative information in memory, leading to a positivity effect .
Research also suggests that social isolation and mortality in the elderly share a common link to chronic inflammation with some differences between men and women. [70] Social isolation has also been found to be associated with poor mental health including increased risk for depression , cognitive decline, anxiety , and substance use. [ 66 ]
Exposure to social stress in childhood can also have long-term effects, increasing risk for developing diseases later in life. In particular, adults who were maltreated (emotionally, physically, sexually abused or neglected) as children report more disease outcomes, such as stroke , heart attack , diabetes , and hypertension [ 87 ] or greater ...