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The rest of the Earth's crust is also made of oxygen compounds, in particular various complex silicates (in silicate minerals). The Earth's mantle, of much larger mass than the crust, is largely composed of silicates of magnesium and iron. Water-soluble silicates in the form of Na 4 SiO 4, Na 2 SiO 3, and Na 2 Si 2 O 5 are used as detergents ...
So-called noble metals, such as gold and platinum, resist direct chemical combination with oxygen, and substances like gold(III) oxide (Au 2 O 3) must be formed by an indirect route. The alkali metals and alkali earth metals all react spontaneously with oxygen when exposed to dry air to form oxides, and form hydroxides in the presence of oxygen ...
Liquid oxygen has a clear cyan color and is strongly paramagnetic: it can be suspended between the poles of a powerful horseshoe magnet. [2] Liquid oxygen has a density of 1.141 kg/L (1.141 g/ml), slightly denser than liquid water, and is cryogenic with a freezing point of 54.36 K (−218.79 °C; −361.82 °F) and a boiling point of 90.19 K (−182.96 °C; −297.33 °F) at 1 bar (14.5 psi).
Rather than combustion, organisms rely on elaborate sequences of electron-transfer reactions, often coupled to proton transfer. The direct reaction of O 2 with fuel is precluded by the oxygen reduction reaction, which produces water and adenosine triphosphate. Cytochrome c oxidase affects the oxygen reduction reaction by binding O 2 in a heme ...
In normal conditions, the oxygen is reduced to produce water; however, in about 0.1–2% of electrons passing through the chain (this number derives from studies in isolated mitochondria, though the exact rate in live organisms is yet to be fully agreed upon), oxygen is instead prematurely and incompletely reduced to give the superoxide radical ...
In industries, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a limiting factor in the process of generating molecular oxygen through chemical reactions such as water splitting and electrolysis, and improved OER electrocatalysis is the key to the advancement of a number of renewable energy technologies such as solar fuels, regenerative fuel cells and metal ...
Another method uses a reaction of hydrogen peroxide with sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solution: [19] H 2 O 2 + NaOCl → O 2 (1 Δ g) + NaCl + H 2 O. A retro-Diels Alder reaction of the diphenylanthracene peroxide can also yield singlet oxygen, along with an diphenylanthracene: [22] Retro-Diels Alder formation of singlet oxygen
In the breakdown of a compound into its constituent parts, the generalized reaction for chemical decomposition is: AB → A + B (AB represents the reactant that begins the reaction, and A and B represent the products of the reaction) An example is the electrolysis of water to the gases hydrogen and oxygen: 2 H 2 O(l) → 2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)