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The Nuremberg Trials employed four official languages: English, French, German and Russian. It was feared that consecutive interpretation would slow down the proceedings significantly. This led to the introduction of an entirely new technique, extempore simultaneous interpretation.
The trials were the first use of simultaneous interpretation, which stimulated technical advances in translation methods. [ 284 ] [ 285 ] The Palace of Justice houses a museum on the trial and the courtroom became a tourist attraction, drawing 13,138 visitors in 2005. [ 286 ]
Elisabeth Heyward was one of the participating interpreters during the Nuremberg Trials (1945–1949) held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II. [1] She was the wife of Dick Heyward, former senior deputy executive director of UNICEF. [2] [3] Her son is former CBS News president Andrew Heyward.
Among the many war crimes they faced, the Nazi officials were accused of crimes against peace and -- for the first time in history, crimes against humanity.
Simultaneous interpretation using electronic equipment where the interpreter can hear the speaker's voice as well as the interpreter's own voice was introduced at the Nuremberg trials in 1945. [11] The equipment facilitated large numbers of listeners, and interpretation was offered in French, Russian, German and English. [12]
Simultaneous interpretation was established at the UN by Colonel Léon Dostert, who had pioneered the technique at the Nuremberg trials. She worked initially translating from Spanish and French into English, [4] but her letters show she was soon interpreting in both directions between English and French. During the second part of the first ...
Simultaneous interpreting – a mode that confined the interpreters in glass-encased booths aided with earpieces and microphones – arose in the 1920s and 1930s when American businessman Edward Filene and British engineer A. Gordon-Finlay developed simultaneous interpretation equipment with IBM, [5] and was also used in the post-World War II ...
Léon Dostert (May 14, 1904 – September 1, 1971) was a French-born American scholar of languages and a pivotal proponent of machine translation.He was responsible for enduring innovations in interpretation, such as the simultaneous, head-set method used at the Nuremberg Trials, which is still used today at international gatherings and international institutions like the United Nations, the ...