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Glutamic acid ball and stick model spinning. Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; [4] known as glutamate in its anionic form) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synthesize enough for its use.
Variations of glucose (or other carbohydrate-containing substrate) oxidation using fermentation. [4] [5] or noble metal catalysis. [6] [7] Gluconic acid was first prepared by Hlasiwetz and Habermann in 1870 [8] and involved the chemical oxidation of glucose. In 1880, Boutroux prepared and isolated gluconic acid using the glucose fermentation. [9]
The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating). Other names in common use include glutamate (acceptor) dehydrogenase, glutamate oxidase, glutamic acid oxidase, glutamic dehydrogenase (acceptor), and L-glutamic acid oxidase. It employs one cofactor, FAD.
Six glutamic acid and aspartic acid residues involved in the binding are in positions 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 of the polypeptide chain. At position 12, there is a glutamate or aspartate ligand that behaves as a bidentate ligand, providing two oxygen atoms.
Iron is stored in many organisms in the form of ferritin, which is a ferrous oxide encased in a solubilizing protein sheath. [ 10 ] Species of bacteria , including Shewanella oneidensis , Geobacter sulfurreducens and Geobacter metallireducens , use iron oxides as terminal electron acceptors .
Mixing simple metal salts with solutions of amino acids near neutral or elevated pH often affords bis- or tris complexes. For metal ions that prefer octahedral coordination, these complexes often adopt the stoichiometry M(aa) 3 (aa = amino carboxylate, such as glycinate, H 2 NCH 2 CO 2 −).
The specific enzymes are named from one of the reactant pairs, for example; the reaction between glutamic acid and pyruvic acid to make alpha ketoglutaric acid and alanine is called alanine transaminase and was originally called glutamic-pyruvic transaminase or GPT for short. [1]
Glutamate flavoring is the generic name for flavor-enhancing compounds based on glutamic acid and its salts (glutamates). These compounds provide an umami (savory) taste to food. Glutamic acid and glutamates are natural constituents of many fermented or aged foods, including soy sauce, fermented bean paste, and cheese.
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