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[1] [2] Sputnik 2: 3 November 1957 Earth orbiter, first animal in orbit, a dog named Laika [2] [3] [4] Explorer 1: 1 February 1958 Earth orbiter; discovered Van Allen radiation belts [5] Vanguard 1: 17 March 1958 Earth orbiter; oldest spacecraft still in Earth orbit [6] Luna 1: 2 January 1959
Isaac Newton suggests the existence of an aether in the Third Book of Opticks (1st ed. 1704; 2nd ed. 1718): "Doth not this aethereal medium in passing out of water, glass, crystal, and other compact and dense bodies in empty spaces, grow denser and denser by degrees, and by that means refract the rays of light not in a point, but by bending them gradually in curve lines? ...
The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the ...
[2] [3] He similarly discovered the principles of electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became practical for use in technology. [ 4 ]
The variations of temperature are found to be proportional to the strength of the current and not to the square of the strength of the current as in the case of heat due to the ordinary resistance of a conductor. This second law is the I 2 R law, discovered experimentally in 1841 by the English physicist Joule. In other words, this important ...
Voyager 2 discovered previously unknown Neptunian rings, [66] and confirmed six new moons: Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus, Naiad and Thalassa. [67] [C] While in the neighborhood of Neptune, Voyager 2 discovered the "Great Dark Spot", which has since disappeared, according to observations by the Hubble Space Telescope. [68]
Hubble Space Telescope [41] 2 July 1990: First time a spacecraft coming from deep space uses the Earth for a gravity-assist manoeuvre. ESA Giotto [42] 21 October 1991: First asteroid flyby (951 Gaspra closest approach 1,600 km). USA (NASA) Galileo: 1992 First confirmed observation of an exoplanet. Canada Poland: Aleksander Wolszczan & Dale ...
1964 - First black hole, Cygnus X-1, discovered; 1964 – CP violation discovered by James Cronin and Val Fitch. 1965 – Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson: Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) discovered; 1967 – Unification of weak interaction and electromagnetism (electroweak theory) 1967 – Solar neutrino problem found