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The strange situation is a procedure devised by Mary Ainsworth in the 1970s to observe attachment in children, that is relationships between a caregiver and child. It applies to children between the age of 9 to 30 months. Broadly speaking, the attachment styles were (1) secure and (2) insecure (ambivalent and avoidance).
One atypical attachment pattern is considered to be an actual disorder, known as reactive attachment disorder or RAD, which is a recognized psychiatric diagnosis (ICD-10 F94.1/2 and DSM-IV-TR 313.89). Against common misconception, this is not the same as 'disorganized attachment'.
The 'Strange Situation' is a laboratory procedure used to assess infant patterns of attachment to their caregiver. In the procedure, the mother and infant are placed in an unfamiliar playroom equipped with toys while a researcher observes/records the procedure through a one-way mirror.
The ICI does not conclude attachment strategies but it is highly correlated to the maternal scales in the infant Strange Situation assessment patterns of attachment. [19] It can be used in screening, to identify levels of risk, and as a tool for clinical intervention and evaluation and has been used in numerous research projects.
A therapist explains the four attachment styles of attachment theory—secure, ambivalent, avoidant, and disorganized—and how they affect adult relationships.
DMM attachment patterns can viewed several different ways. In its simplest form, the DMM offers a 3-part model using Ainsworth's basic A, B, C patterns. [36] [37] Some populations of clients tend to be heavily oriented to either a cognitive or affective information processing pattern, such as clinical populations. [38]
Mary Dinsmore Ainsworth (née Salter; December 1, 1913 – March 21, 1999) [1] was an American-Canadian developmental psychologist known for her work in the development of the attachment theory. She designed the strange situation procedure to observe early emotional attachment between a child and their primary caregiver.
The relationship between patterns of attachment in the Strange Situation and RAD is not yet clear. [ 96 ] There is a lack of consensus about the precise meaning of the term "attachment disorder". [ 97 ]