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Torsion of a square section bar Example of torsion mechanics. In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque. [1] [2] Torsion could be defined as strain [3] [4] or angular deformation, [5] and is measured by the angle a chosen section is rotated from its equilibrium position. [6]
The torsion tensor is a quantity in general relativity, and plays an important role in Einstein–Cartan theory. Spinor fields, in particular fermionic fields, are existing concepts from particle physics and quantum field theory.
The theory was first proposed by Élie Cartan in 1922 [3] and expounded in the following few years. [4] [5] [6] Albert Einstein became affiliated with the theory in 1928 during his unsuccessful attempt to match torsion to the electromagnetic field tensor as part of a unified field theory.
Torsion field can refer to: A torsion tensor in differential geometry. The field used in Einstein–Cartan theory and other alternatives to general relativity that involve torsion of spacetime; Torsion field (pseudoscience), a field alleged to make faster-than-light communication and paranormal phenomena possible
The torsion constant or torsion coefficient is a geometrical property of a bar's cross-section. It is involved in the relationship between angle of twist and applied torque along the axis of the bar, for a homogeneous linear elastic bar. The torsion constant, together with material properties and length, describes a bar's torsional stiffness.
A torsion bar is a straight bar of metal or rubber that is subjected to twisting (shear stress) about its axis by torque applied at its ends. A more delicate form used in sensitive instruments, called a torsion fiber consists of a fiber of silk, glass, or quartz under tension, that is twisted about its axis.
Length of torsion balance beam between centers of small balls N m rad −1: Torsion coefficient of suspending wire I: kg m 2: Moment of inertia of torsion balance beam T: s: Period of oscillation of torsion balance g: m s −2: Acceleration of gravity at the surface of the Earth M earth: kg: Mass of the Earth R earth: m: Radius of the Earth
Torsion group, in group theory and arithmetic geometry; Tor functor, the derived functors of the tensor product of modules over a ring; Torsion-free module, in algebra See also Torsion-free (disambiguation) Analytic torsion (Reidemeister torsion, R-torsion, Franz torsion, de Rham torsion, Ray-Singer torsion), a topological invariant of manifolds