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2. High-intensity discharge lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-intensity_discharge_lamp

   Xenon, or high-intensity discharge (HID), lighting provides brighter headlights and increases visibility of many peripheral objects (e.g. street signs and pedestrians) left in the shadows by standard halogen lighting. However, the bright headlights have given rise to complaints about glare. [10]

3. Halogen lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen_lamp

   Halogen lamp (105 W) for replacement purposes with an E27 screw base A close-up of a halogen lamp capsule A halogen lamp (also called tungsten halogen , quartz-halogen , and quartz iodine lamp) is an incandescent lamp consisting of a tungsten filament sealed in a compact transparent envelope that is filled with a mixture of an inert gas and a ...

4. Metal-halide lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal-halide_lamp

   The arc-tube operates at anywhere from 5–50 atm or more [8] (70–700 psi or 500–5000 kPa) and 1000–3000 °C. [9] Like all other gas-discharge lamps, metal-halide lamps have negative resistance (with the rare exception of self-ballasted lamps with a filament), and so require a ballast to provide proper starting and operating voltages ...

5. Light-emitting diode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

   The first LED was created by Soviet inventor Oleg Losev [9] in 1927, but electroluminescence was already known for 20 years, and relied on a diode made of silicon carbide. Commercially viable LEDs only became available after Texas Instruments engineers patented efficient near-infrared emission from a diode based on GaAs in 1962.

6. Incandescent light bulb - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb

   For example, a 100-watt, 1000 hour, 120-volt lamp will produce about 17.1 lumens per watt. A similar lamp designed for 230 V would produce only around 12.8 lumens per watt, and one designed for 30 volts (train lighting) would produce as much as 19.8 lumens per watt. [78] Lower voltage lamps have a thicker filament, for the same power rating.