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In a masonry cavity wall, there is usually a DPC in both the outer and inner wall. [8] In the outer wall it is normally 150 millimetres (5.9 in) to 200 mm (7.9 in) above ground level (the height of 2-3 brick courses). This allows rain to form puddles and splash up off the ground, without saturating the wall above DPC level.
Today, the mechanics of the drafting task have largely been automated and accelerated through the use of computer-aided design systems (CAD). There are two types of computer-aided design systems used for the production of technical drawings: two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D). An example of a drawing drafted in AutoCAD
In many cases, damp is caused by "bridging" of a damp-proof course that is otherwise working effectively. For example, a flower bed next to an affected wall might result in soil being piled up against the wall above the level of the DPC. In this example, moisture from the ground would be able to ingress through the wall from the soil.
Shaped like a “U” or channel to catch water (e.g., where the edge of a tile roof meets a wall). Through wall flashing Spans the thickness of the wall and directs water to weep holes. Cap flashing (drip cap) Often used above windows and doors. Drip edge A metal used at the edges of a roof. Step flashing (soaker, base flashing)
Wolverton Viaduct on the West Coast Main Line. Engineering bricks are a type of brick used where strength, low water porosity or acid (flue gas) resistance are needed. . Engineering bricks can be used for damp-proo
National Building Specification logo. NBS (National Building Specification) is a UK-based business providing construction specification information used by architects, engineers and other building professionals to describe the materials, standards and workmanship of a construction project. [1]
Detailed engineering follows Front End Engineering Design (FEED) and Basic Engineering previous steps on the engineering process for a project development, it contains in detail diagrams and drawings for construction, civil works, instrumentation, control system, electrical facilities, management of suppliers, schedule of activities, costs ...
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