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  2. Vinegar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar

    The term "distilled vinegar" as used in the United States (called "spirit vinegar" in the UK, "white vinegar" in Canada [39]) is something of a misnomer because it is not produced by distillation, but by fermentation of distilled alcohol. The fermentate is diluted to produce a colorless solution of 5 to 8% acetic acid in water, with a pH of ...

  3. Sodium dodecyl sulfate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_dodecyl_sulfate

    For instance, SDS is a component, along with other chain-length amphiphiles, when produced from coconut oil, and is known as sodium coco sulfate (SCS). [26] SDS is available commercially in powder, pellet, and other forms (each differing in rates of dissolution), as well as in aqueous solutions of varying concentrations. [citation needed]

  4. Acetic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acid

    Vinegar is typically no less than 4% acetic acid by mass. [64] [65] [66] Legal limits on acetic acid content vary by jurisdiction. Vinegar is used directly as a condiment, and in the pickling of vegetables and other foods. Table vinegar tends to be more diluted (4% to 8% acetic acid), while commercial food pickling employs solutions that are ...

  5. Pyroligneous acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroligneous_acid

    The acid was used as a substitute for vinegar. It was also used topically for treating wounds, ulcers and other ailments. A salt can be made by neutralizing the acid with a lye made from the ashes of the burnt wood. [5] During the United States Civil War it became increasingly difficult for the Confederate States of America to obtain much ...

  6. Apple cider vinegar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar

    Apple cider vinegar, or cider vinegar, is a vinegar made from cider, [3] and used in salad dressings, marinades, vinaigrettes, food preservatives, and chutneys. [4] It is made by crushing apples, then squeezing out the juice. The apple juice is then fermented by yeast which converts the sugars in the juice to ethanol.

  7. Ethyl acetate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_acetate

    Ethyl acetate (systematically ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EtOAc, ETAC or EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH 3 CO 2 CH 2 CH 3, simplified to C 4 H 8 O 2.This flammable, colorless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues, nail polish removers, and the decaffeination process of tea and coffee.

  8. Glyphosate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyphosate

    Glyphosate (IUPAC name: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant.It is an organophosphorus compound, specifically a phosphonate, which acts by inhibiting the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP).