Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
It can also be represented in a DNA codon table. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged in a 5 ′-to-3 ′ direction. Different tables with alternate codons are used depending on the source of the genetic code, such as from a cell nucleus, mitochondrion, plastid, or hydrogenosome. [5]
Alternative start codons depending on the organism include "GUG" or "UUG"; these codons normally represent valine and leucine, respectively, but as start codons they are translated as methionine or formylmethionine. [33] The three stop codons have names: UAG is amber, UGA is opal (sometimes also called umber), and UAA is ochre. Stop codons are ...
Additionally, a "start codon", and three "stop codons" indicate the beginning and end of the protein coding region. There are 64 possible codons (four possible nucleotides at each of three positions, hence 4 3 possible codons) and only 20 standard amino acids; hence the code is redundant and multiple codons can specify the same amino acid. The ...
In the context of gene finding, the start-stop definition of an ORF therefore only applies to spliced mRNAs, not genomic DNA, since introns may contain stop codons and/or cause shifts between reading frames. An alternative definition says that an ORF is a sequence that has a length divisible by three and is bounded by stop codons.
Position of the template and coding strands during transcription.. When referring to DNA transcription, the coding strand (or informational strand [1] [2]) is the DNA strand whose base sequence is identical to the base sequence of the RNA transcript produced (although with thymine replaced by uracil).
Degeneracy or redundancy [1] of codons is the redundancy of the genetic code, exhibited as the multiplicity of three-base pair codon combinations that specify an amino acid. The degeneracy of the genetic code is what accounts for the existence of synonymous mutations . [ 2 ] :
Saturation mutagenesis is commonly achieved by site-directed mutagenesis PCR with a randomised codon in the primers (e.g. SeSaM) [2] or by artificial gene synthesis, with a mixture of synthesis nucleotides used at the codons to be randomised. [3] Different degenerate codons can be used to encode sets of amino acids. [1]
Glycine is thought to be a hepatic detoxifier of a number endogenous and xenobiotic organic acids. [44] Bile acids are normally conjugated to glycine in order to increase their solubility in water. [45] The human body rapidly clears sodium benzoate by combining it with glycine to form hippuric acid which is then excreted. [46]