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Raw coke Eighteenth-century coke blast furnaces in Shropshire, England. Metallurgical coal or coking coal [1] is a grade of coal that can be used to produce good-quality coke. Coke is an essential fuel and reactant in the blast furnace process for primary steelmaking. [2] [3] [4] The demand for metallurgical coal is highly coupled to the demand ...
Carbon additive includes calcined petroleum coke, graphite petroleum coke, calcined anthracite coal, electrical calcined anthracite, and natural graphite. For the steel-making industry, the most suitable carbon additive is calcined petroleum coke with fixed carbon of 98.5%min. Sulfur in calcined petroleum coke is a crucial element, for sulfur ...
Raw coke. Coke is a grey, hard, and porous coal-based fuel with a high carbon content. It is made by heating coal or petroleum in the absence of air. Coke is an important industrial product, used mainly in iron ore smelting, but also as a fuel in stoves and forges.
Metallurgical grade coke will bear heavier weight than charcoal, allowing larger furnaces. [52] [53] A disadvantage is that coke contains more impurities than charcoal, with sulfur being especially detrimental to the iron's quality. Coke's impurities were more of a problem before hot blast reduced the amount of coke required and before furnace ...
3 C 2 H 4 → 2 C ("coke") + 2 C 2 H 6. A more realistic but complex view involves the alkylation of an aromatic ring of a coke nucleus. Acidic catalysts are thus especially prone to coking because they are effective at generating carbocations (i.e., alkylating agents). [3] Coking is one of several mechanisms for the deactivation of a ...
Clairton Coke Works is a coking factory in Clairton, Pennsylvania (10 miles south of Pittsburgh) on the Monongahela River. Owned by U.S. Steel , it is the largest coking operation in North America or possibly the world.
Gas emission. Coke oven interior: detail (1942, USA). The coke oven is the central element of a coking plant. Horizontal ovens, which are the most commonly used (they are suitable for monitoring the various extraction stages), take the form of narrow compartments (approx. 50 cm wide), but several meters high and several meters deep.
Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR) refers to coke "hot" strength, generally a quality reference in a simulated reaction condition in an industrial blast furnace. The test is based on a procedure developed by Nippon Steel Corp in the 1970s as an attempt to get an indication of coke performance and is used widely throughout the world since then.