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This complex is the major stabilizer of the medial knee. Injuries to the medial side of the knee are most commonly isolated to these ligaments. [1] [3] A thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of the medial knee structures, along with a detailed history and physical exam, are imperative to diagnosing and treating these injuries.
A knee dislocation is an injury in which there is disruption of the knee joint between the tibia and the femur. [3] [4] Symptoms include pain and instability of the knee. [2] Complications may include injury to an artery, most commonly the popliteal artery behind the knee, or compartment syndrome. [3] [4] [7]
Pain is generally just below the kneecap. [2] Symptoms may worsen if the knee is overly straightened or bent for too long a period. [2] Complications may include an inability to fully straighten the knee. [2] The underlying mechanism may involve bleeding, inflammation, or insufficient space for the fat pad. [2]
Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 15:39, 29 August 2015: 800 × 729 (34 KB): Mikael Häggström: Removed some text. Patella is anterior to the knee and not in the center of it
[1] [6] Diagnosis is generally based on symptom and physical examination. [1] When the deep bursa is involved, bending the knee generally increases the pain. [2] Other conditions that may appear similar include patellar tendonitis and prepatellar bursitis. [5] Treatment is generally by rest, alternating between ice and heat, and NSAIDs. [1]
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is the second most common knee injury, and is caused by inflammation located on the lateral aspect of the knee due to friction between the iliotibial band and the lateral epicondyle of the femur. [2] Pain is felt most commonly on the lateral aspect of the knee and is most intensive at 30 degrees of knee flexion. [2]
The most common location of plica tissue is along the medial (inside) side of the knee. The plica can tether the patella to the femur, be located between the femur and patella, or be located along the femoral condyle. If the plica tethers the patella to the femoral condyle, the symptoms may cause it to be mistaken for chondromalacia.