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Stereotype bias or stereotypical bias Memory distorted towards stereotypes (e.g., racial or gender). Suffix effect: Diminishment of the recency effect because a sound item is appended to the list that the subject is not required to recall. [179] [180] A form of serial position effect. Cf. recency effect and primacy effect. Subadditivity effect
An implicit bias or implicit stereotype is the pre-reflective attribution of particular qualities by an individual to a member of some social out group. [1]Implicit stereotypes are thought to be shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories, including race and/or gender. [2]
A variant of stereotype boost is stereotype lift, which is people achieving better performance because of exposure to negative stereotypes about other social groups. [17] Some researchers have suggested that stereotype threat should not be interpreted as a factor in real-life performance gaps, and have raised the possibility of publication bias.
Publication bias is a type of bias with regard to what academic research is likely to be published because of a tendency among researchers and journal editors to prefer some outcomes rather than others (e.g., results showing a significant finding), which leads to a problematic bias in the published literature. [139]
Correspondence bias can play an important role in stereotype formation. [40] For example, in a study by Roguer and Yzerbyt (1999) participants watched a video showing students who were randomly instructed to find arguments either for or against euthanasia. The students that argued in favor of euthanasia came from the same law department or from ...
Some other stereotype IATs include the Weapons IAT and the Native IAT. The Implicit Association Test measures the strength of associations between concepts and evaluations or stereotypes to reveal an individual’s hidden or subconscious biases. People show an automatic preference for their ingroup. Another example of stereotypical IAT is ...
An example of this can be seen with the over-portrayal of African-Americans as criminals in American media: the psychological literature shows that through media reinforcement of a criminal stereotype, consumers of this content evaluate African-Americans as more dangerous than other groups even in ambiguous situations. [3]
Linguistic Intergroup Bias is a term coined by Anne Maass to describe a type of language bias which can perpetuate stereotypes.The model is based on the idea that people tend to use abstract language to describe actions which they believe to be stereotypical of a certain group, and concrete language to describe unusual or uncharacteristic behavior.