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A full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet is a small-arms projectile consisting of a soft core (often lead) encased in an outer shell ("jacket") of harder metal, such as gilding metal, cupronickel, or, less commonly, a steel alloy. A bullet jacket usually allows higher muzzle velocities than bare lead without depositing significant amounts of metal in ...
The new full metal jacket bullets tended to penetrate straight through a target causing less internal damage than a bullet that expands and stops in its target. This led to the development of the soft-point bullet and later jacketed hollow-point bullets at the British arsenal in Dum Dum, near Calcutta around 1890.
The British replaced the hollow-point bullets with new full metal jacket bullets and used the remaining stocks of expanding bullets for practice. [ 25 ] During the Hague Convention of 1899 , the majority of the delegates moved to prohibit future usage of expanding bullets, which was opposed by the American and British delegations.
Total metal jacket (TMJ or full metal case) bullets [1] are made by electroplating a thin jacket of ductile metal (usually copper) over a core of different metal requiring protection from abrasion or corrosion. [2] Similar full metal jacket bullets mechanically swage a thin sheet of metal over the core. The swaging process leaves an opening ...
.32 ACP full metal jacket, .32 S&W Long wadcutter, .380 ACP jacketed hollow point (L-R). A wadcutter is a special-purpose flat-fronted bullet specifically designed for shooting paper targets, usually at close range and at subsonic velocities typically under approximately 270 metres per second (890 ft/s).
The jacket may ricochet, but should have reduced range without the weight of the frangible core. [5] Frangible hollow-point bullets may penetrate clothing, drywall, and light sheet metal; but often disintegrate upon striking glass. [6] Hard targets may be damaged by frangible bullets. Extent of damage increases with velocity of bullet impact.
A traditional hollow point boat tail very-low-drag rifle bullet. The jackets of these bullets are generally made out of a copper alloy (such as gilding metal or cupronickel ) A very-low-drag bullet (VLD) is primarily a small arms ballistics development of the 1980s–1990s, driven by the design objective of bullets with higher degrees of ...
Also used are bullets similar to hollow-point bullets or soft-point bullets whose cores and/or jackets are deliberately weakened to cause deformation or fragmentation upon impact. The Warsaw Pact 5.45×39mm M74 assault rifle round exemplifies a trend that is becoming common in the era of high velocity, small caliber military rounds. The 5.45× ...