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In mathematics, the multiplicity of a member of a multiset is the number of times it appears in the multiset. For example, the number of times a given polynomial has a root at a given point is the multiplicity of that root.
As a consequence, an infinite number of multisets exist that contain only elements a and b, but vary in the multiplicities of their elements: The set {a, b} contains only elements a and b, each having multiplicity 1 when {a, b} is seen as a multiset. In the multiset {a, a, b}, the element a has multiplicity 2, and b has multiplicity 1.
Serre proved this for all regular local rings. He established the following three properties when R is either of equal characteristic or of mixed characteristic and unramified (which in this case means that characteristic of the residue field is not an element of the square of the maximal ideal of the local ring), and conjectured that they hold in general.
Kahan discovered that polynomials with a particular set of multiplicities form what he called a pejorative manifold and proved that a multiple root is Lipschitz continuous if the perturbation maintains its multiplicity. This geometric property of multiple roots is crucial in numerical computation of multiple roots.
In abstract algebra, multiplicity theory concerns the multiplicity of a module M at an ideal I (often a maximal ideal) ().The notion of the multiplicity of a module is a generalization of the degree of a projective variety.
This means that if a knot t i appears more than n + 1 times in an extended knot vector, all instances of it in excess of the (n + 1) th can be removed without changing the character of the spline, since all multiplicities n + 1, n + 2, n + 3, etc. have the same meaning. It is commonly assumed that any knot vector defining any type of spline has ...
Multiplicity (chemistry), multiplicity in quantum chemistry is a function of angular spin momentum Multiplicity (informatics), a type of relationship in class diagrams for Unified Modeling Language used in software engineering
Let X be a Riemann surface.Then the intersection number of two closed curves on X has a simple definition in terms of an integral. For every closed curve c on X (i.e., smooth function :), we can associate a differential form of compact support, the Poincaré dual of c, with the property that integrals along c can be calculated by integrals over X:
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