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The formula to calculate the area in circular mil for any given AWG (American Wire Gauge) size is as follows.represents the area of number AWG. = (() /) For example, a number 12 gauge wire would use =:
The diameter of an AWG wire is determined according to the following formula: = / = / (where n is the AWG size for gauges from 36 to 0, n = −1 for 00, n = −2 for 000, and n = −3 for 0000. See below for rule.)
The phase velocity at which electrical signals travel along a transmission line or other cable depends on the construction of the line. Therefore, the wavelength corresponding to a given frequency varies in different types of lines, thus at a given frequency different conductors of the same physical length can have different electrical lengths.
Wire Gauge to Diameter—Diameter to Wire Gauge Converter - Online calculator converts gauge to diameter or diameter to gauge for any wire size. Calculation: round electric cable diameter to circle cross-sectional area and vice versa; Wire gauge conversion chart
A convenient formula (attributed to F.E. Terman) for the diameter D W of a wire of circular cross-section whose resistance will increase by 10% at frequency f is: [7] = / This formula for the increase in AC resistance is accurate only for an isolated wire.
Bend radius, which is measured to the inside curvature, is the minimum radius one can bend a pipe, tube, sheet, cable or hose without kinking it, damaging it, or shortening its life. The smaller the bend radius, the greater the material flexibility (as the radius of curvature decreases , the curvature increases ).
The mechanism is similar to transfer of momentum of balls in a Newton's cradle [11] but the rapid propagation of an electric energy along a wire is not due to the mechanical forces, but the propagation of an energy-carrying electromagnetic field guided by the wire. Most metals have electrical resistance.
d is the thickness of the sheet or diameter of the wire (m), f is the frequency (Hz), k is a constant equal to 1 for a thin sheet and 2 for a thin wire, ρ is the resistivity of the material (Ω m), and; D is the density of the material (kg/m 3).