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[17] If there is any difference at all between "Substance" and "the Attributes", as Spinoza uses these terms, it is only the difference between the Attributes conceived as an organic system and the Attributes conceived (but not by Spinoza) as a mere sum of detached forces. Something is still necessary to complete the account of Spinoza's ...
Spinoza attempts to prove that God is just the substance of the universe by first stating that substances do not share attributes or essences and then demonstrating that God is a "substance" with an infinite number of attributes, thus the attributes possessed by any other substances must also be possessed by God.
“The Building Blocks of Spinoza’s Metaphysics: Substance, Attributes, and Modes” in Michael Della Rocca (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Spinoza (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 84–113. “ Spinoza’s Metaphysics of Thought: Parallelisms and the Multifaceted Structure of Ideas ,” Philosophy & Phenomenological Research 86 (2013 ...
Aristotle used the term "substance" (Greek: οὐσία ousia) in a secondary sense for genera and species understood as hylomorphic forms.Primarily, however, he used it with regard to his category of substance, the specimen ("this person" or "this horse") or individual, qua individual, who survives accidental change and in whom the essential properties inhere that define those universals.
Spinoza: Practical Philosophy (French: Spinoza: Philosophie pratique) (1970; second edition 1981) is a book written by French philosopher Gilles Deleuze which examines Baruch Spinoza's philosophy, discussing Ethics (1677) and other works such as the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (1670), providing a lengthy chapter defining Spinoza's main concepts in dictionary form.
1985 by Edwin Curley, in the first volume of The Collected Works of Spinoza (Princeton University Press). 1998 by Samuel Shirley, with an Introduction and notes by Steven Barbone y Lee Rice (Hacket Publications). Later added to the edition of Spinoza's Complete Works in one volume, with introduction and notes by Michael L. Morgan (also Hacket Pbs).
Spinoza considered human beings to be a subset of this one substance and are considered as an "extension" of the body. [31] A degree of mutual understanding among the two philosophers on this debate is found in their commentaries on the primary attribute of the mind and the body-the former being thought, while the latter, being extension. [ 32 ]
His "Spinoza The Elements of His Philosophy" stands as the most comprehensive and erudite analysis of Spinoza's system in the entire extant. The book employs an extremely sophisticated philosophical language, much which appears to be usages uniquely employed to capture in intricate detail all of the interrelationships or 'potency in act' among ...