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In French nuclear doctrine, it serves what is referred to as a "pre-strategic" deterrence role. It is intended to be the ultimate " warning shot " prior to the full-scale employment of the strategic nuclear weapons arming the Triomphant-class ballistic missile submarines.
The decision to arm France with nuclear weapons was made in 1954 by the administration of Pierre Mendès France under the Fourth Republic. [3] President Charles de Gaulle, upon his return to power in 1958, solidified the initial vision into the well-defined concept of a fully independent Force de frappe that would be capable of protecting France from a Soviet or other foreign attack and ...
A Change in the French Nuclear Doctrine?, Rault, Charles - ISRIA, 25 January 2006. Country overview: France (from the Nuclear Threat Initiative) Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Nuclear Notebook: French nuclear forces, 2008, September/October 2008. Nuclear policy: France stands alone July/August 2004; The French atomic energy program ...
Regarding nuclear weapons, while France's doctrine has so far been to use them when the country's vital interests are threatened, Macron said he was open to give a more "European dimension" to ...
A Helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron MH-65C Dolphin firing warning shots at a non-compliant boat during training. In military and police contexts, a warning shot is an intentionally harmless artillery shot or gunshot with intent to enact direct compliance and order to a hostile perpetrator or enemy forces. It is recognized as signalling ...
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Since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, President Vladimir Putin and other Kremlin voices have frequently threatened the West with its nuclear arsenal. On Day 1 of the war, Putin said “whoever ...
In nuclear ethics and deterrence theory, no first use (NFU) refers to a type of pledge or policy wherein a nuclear power formally refrains from the use of nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in warfare, except for as a second strike in retaliation to an attack by an enemy power using WMD.