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Child marriage in Zimbabwe is common. As of 2019, approximately 1 in 3 girls in Zimbabwe are married before age 18. [1] [2] Early pregnancy can pose a health risk. In July 2021, a 15-year-old girl, who was married to a 26-year-old man, died giving birth inside a church. [3]
The Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage, and Registration of Marriages is a treaty agreed upon in the United Nations on the standards of marriage. The treaty was drafted by the Commission on the Status of Women and opened for signature and ratification by General Assembly resolution 1763 A (XVII) on 7 November 1962.
Polygamy in Zimbabwe was traditionally practised by the tribal chiefs as a means of elevating their social standing, though they would typically only take two or three wives. [3] According to a 2008 William & Mary Law School study, an estimated 18 percent of Zimbabwean women belong to polygamous marriages. [ 2 ]
Child marriage is a marriage or domestic partnership, formal or informal, usually between a child and an adult, but can also be between a child and another child. [ 1 ] Although the age of majority (legal adulthood ) and marriage age are typically 18 years old, these thresholds can differ in different jurisdictions . [ 2 ]
These are needed to access property rights, pension benefits, child support, or inheritance when a marriage ends, or when a spouse or parent dies. [10] The benefits of CRVS accrue at all stages of a woman’s life: Birth registration may help prevent child marriage by proving the age of the child upon marriage.
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Zimbabwe does not recognise same-sex marriage or civil unions. In 2013, the Zimbabwe Constitution was amended to define marriage as being between a man and a woman. [17] In May 2019, Mnangagwa's Cabinet approved amendments to Zimbabwean marriage law, which would ban both child marriages and same-sex marriages, lining it with the Constitution. [18]
In Zimbabwe, a retrospective study of reported cases of child sexual abuse over an 8-year period (1990 to 1997) found high rates of sexual abuse committed by teachers in rural primary schools. Many of the victims were girls between 11 and 13 years of age and penetrative sex was the most prevalent type of sexual abuse.