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This article describes experimental procedures for determining whether a coin is fair or unfair. There are many statistical methods for analyzing such an experimental procedure. This article illustrates two of them. Both methods prescribe an experiment (or trial) in which the coin is tossed many times and the result of each toss is recorded.
While a run of five heads has a probability of 1 / 32 = 0.03125 (a little over 3%), the misunderstanding lies in not realizing that this is the case only before the first coin is tossed. After the first four tosses in this example, the results are no longer unknown, so their probabilities are at that point equal to 1 (100%).
A fair coin, when tossed, should have an equal chance of landing either side up. In probability theory and statistics, a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials with probability 1/2 of success on each trial is metaphorically called a fair coin. One for which the probability is not 1/2 is called a biased or unfair coin.
The height of each dot is thus the probability of observing k heads when tossing n coins (a binomial distribution based on n trials). According to the de Moivre–Laplace theorem, as n grows large, the shape of the discrete distribution converges to the continuous Gaussian curve of the normal distribution .
1 January 25. Toggle January 25 subsection. 1.1 Testing a null hypothesis for tossing N coins. 19 comments. Toggle the table of contents ...
Banks may restrict the number of coins you can bring in at a time, so consider alternatives if you have a large coin stash to exchange. The bottom line Banks provide reliable, cost-effective coin ...
Coin values can be modeled by a set of n distinct positive integer values (whole numbers), arranged in increasing order as w 1 through w n.The problem is: given an amount W, also a positive integer, to find a set of non-negative (positive or zero) integers {x 1, x 2, ..., x n}, with each x j representing how often the coin with value w j is used, which minimize the total number of coins f(W)
(The Center Square) – Thomas Schatz, president of Citizens Against Government Waste, testified before Congress this week about the need for financial reform in the government. "The budget has ...