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A scorpion sting is an injury caused by the stinger of a scorpion resulting in the medical condition known as scorpionism, which may vary in severity. The anatomical part of the scorpion that delivers the sting is called a "telson". In typical cases, scorpion stings usually result in pain, paresthesia, and variable swelling.
A sting comes from the abdomen; in most insects (which are all largely hymenopterans), the stinger is a modified ovipositor, [16] which protrudes from the abdomen. The sting consists of an insertion wound, and venom. The venom is evolved to cause pain to a predator, paralyse a prey item, or both.
The emperor scorpion fluoresces greenish-blue under ultra-violet light. [6] [7] They are known for their docile behavior and almost harmless sting; they do not use their sting to defend themselves when they are adults, however, they may use it in their adolescent stages. They prefer to use their pincers to crush and dismember their prey.
In India and Mexico, the deadliest scorpions involved in scorpionism are Mesobuthus and Centruroides, respectively. [2] In Central America, most scorpion stings are mildly toxic to humans, however, Panama has reported an incidence of 52 cases per 100,000 people in 2007. Between 1998 and 2006, 28 people have died as result of scorpion stings.
Victims of the sting have reported local effects (intense pain, redness and swelling). Systemic effects include heart malfunctions, remote internal bleeding, visual disturbance, and respiratory problems. The venom is very powerful and considered among the most potent among scorpions, and is known to cause human death. [7]
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P. boreus scorpions are almost exclusively nocturnal with most movements and hunts taking place during the night. Emergence from their burrows occurs between 21:30 and 23:00, and they will not leave their burrow during rainfall or if temperatures are below 10 °C. If individuals do not emerge by 23:00, they do not seek to feed that night. [17]
The team also found simple molecules of formic acid, which causes the burning sensation associated with ant stings, as well as sulfur dioxide, methane and formaldehyde.