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Approach lights at Jyväskylä Airport, Finland The approach lighting system of Bremen Airport Approach lighting at Love Field, Dallas. An approach lighting system (ALS) is a lighting system installed on the approach end of an airport runway and consisting of a series of lightbars, strobe lights, or a combination of the two that extends outward from the runway end. [1]
Pilot-controlled lighting (PCL), also known as aircraft radio control of aerodrome lighting (ARCAL) or pilot-activated lighting (PAL), is a system that allows aircraft pilots to control the lighting of an airport or airfield's approach lights, runway edge lights, and taxiways via radio.
Standard visual approach slope indicator (circled in red) Working VASI Comparison of PAPI, VASI, and OLS meatball and datum lights (not to scale) Basic visual approach slope indicators consist of one set of lights set up 7 metres (23 ft) from the start of the runway.
The PAPI can be seen to the right (non-standard) side of the runway. The aircraft is slightly below the glideslope. A precision approach path indicator (PAPI) is a system of lights on the side of an airport runway threshold that provides visual descent guidance information during final approach.
Identification of a runway surrounded by a preponderance of other lighting; Identification of a runway which lacks contrast with surrounding terrain; Identification of a runway during reduced visibility; The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recommends that: [3] Runway threshold identification lights should be installed:
When an instrument runway lighting is designed, the last 600 metres (2,000 ft), or one-half of the runway length available (whichever is less), are bi-directional. They look white to the pilot approaching from the short end of the runway, but to a pilot approaching from the other end, who would be landing or taking off in that direction, they ...
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Aviation obstruction lighting is used to enhance the visibility of structures or fixed obstacles which may conflict with the safe navigation of aircraft. Obstruction lighting is commonly installed on towers , buildings , and even fences located in areas where aircraft may be operating at low altitudes .