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The joule (/ dʒ uː l / JOOL, or / dʒ aʊ l / JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). [1] In terms of SI base units , one joule corresponds to one kilogram - square metre per square second (1 J = 1 kg⋅m 2 ⋅s −2 ).
Energy is defined via work, so the SI unit of energy is the same as the unit of work – the joule (J), named in honour of James Prescott Joule [1] and his experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. In slightly more fundamental terms, 1 joule is equal to 1 newton metre and, in terms of SI base units
The ancient Greek understanding of physics was limited to the statics of simple machines (the balance of forces), and did not include dynamics or the concept of work. During the Renaissance the dynamics of the Mechanical Powers, as the simple machines were called, began to be studied from the standpoint of how far they could lift a load, in addition to the force they could apply, leading ...
Thermodynamic work is one of the principal kinds of process by which a thermodynamic system can interact with and transfer energy to its surroundings. This results in externally measurable macroscopic forces on the system's surroundings, which can cause mechanical work, to lift a weight, for example, [1] or cause changes in electromagnetic, [2] [3] [4] or gravitational [5] variables.
J/mol: Amount of energy present in a system per unit amount of substance J/mol L 2 M T −2 N −1: intensive Molar entropy: S° Entropy per unit amount of substance J/(K⋅mol) L 2 M T −2 Θ −1 N −1: intensive Molar heat capacity: c: Heat capacity of a material per unit amount of substance J/(K⋅mol) L 2 M T −2 Θ −1 N −1 ...
In particular Joule had experimented on the amount of mechanical work generated by friction needed to raise the temperature of a pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit and found a consistent value of 778.24 foot pound force (4.1550 J·cal −1). Joule contended that motion and heat were mutually interchangeable and that, in every case, a given ...
Energy – in physics, this is an indirectly observed quantity often understood as the ability of a physical system to do work on other physical systems. [1] [2] Since work is defined as a force acting through a distance (a length of space), energy is always equivalent to the ability to exert force (a pull or a push) against an object that is ...
The work can be done, for example, by generators, (electrochemical cells) or thermocouples generating an electromotive force. Electric field work is formally equivalent to work by other force fields in physics, [1] and the formalism for electrical work is identical to that of mechanical work.