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It is the most common form of migration in ecology. [5] It is found in all major animal groups, including birds, [6] mammals, [7] fish, [8] [9] reptiles, [10] amphibians, insects, [11] and crustaceans. [12] [13] The cause of migration may be local climate, local availability of food, the season of the year or for mating. [5]
Insect migration is the seasonal movement of insects, particularly those by species of dragonflies, beetles, butterflies and moths. The distance can vary with species and in most cases, these movements involve large numbers of individuals.
[2] [3] [4] As such, there is no simple accepted definition of migration. [5] One of the most commonly used definitions, proposed by the zoologist J. S. Kennedy [ 6 ] is Migratory behavior is persistent and straightened-out movement effected by the animal's own locomotory exertions or by its active embarkation on a vehicle.
x is displacement; E(x) is energy; Q is the heat of adsorption or binding energy; a is the spacing between adjacent adsorption sites; E diff is the barrier to diffusion. Surface diffusion kinetics can be thought of in terms of adatoms residing at adsorption sites on a 2D lattice , moving between adjacent (nearest-neighbor) adsorption sites by a ...
The best known representatives of taxa that exhibit some kind of the ontogenetic niche shift are fish (e.g. migration of so-called diadromous fish between saltwater and freshwater for purpose of breeding [2]), insects (e.g. metamorphosis between different life stages; such as larva, pupa and imago [2]) and amphibians (e.g. metamorphosis from ...
The linear relationship between the MSD and time t allows for graphical methods to determine the diffusivity constant D. This is especially useful for rough calculations of the diffusivity in environmental systems. In some atmospheric dispersion models, the relationship between MSD and time t is not linear. Instead, a series of power laws ...
Displacement (linguistics), the ability of humans (and possibly some animals) to communicate ideas that are remote in time and/or space; Forced displacement, by persecution or violence; Displacement (psychology), a sub-conscious defense mechanism; Displacement (parapsychology), a statistical or qualitative correspondence between targets and ...
[9] [10] These include: (1) differences between sympatric taxa are greater than expected by chance; (2) differences in character states are related to differences in resource use; (3) resources are limiting, and interspecific competition for these resources is a function of character similarity; (4) resource distribution are the same in ...