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Astrocytoma is a type of brain tumor. Astrocytomas (also astrocytomata) originate from a specific kind of star-shaped glial cell in the cerebrum called an astrocyte . This type of tumor does not usually spread outside the brain and spinal cord and it does not usually affect other organs.
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA, SGCA, or SGCT) is a low-grade astrocytic brain tumor (astrocytoma) that arises within the ventricles of the brain. [1] It is most commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Although it is a low-grade tumor, its location can potentially obstruct the ventricles and lead to hydrocephalus.
The most common brain tumor types in children (0–14) are: pilocytic astrocytoma, malignant glioma, medulloblastoma, neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors, and ependymoma. [106] In children under 2, about 70% of brain tumors are medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and low-grade gliomas.
Pilocytic astrocytoma (and its variant pilomyxoid astrocytoma) is a brain tumor that occurs most commonly in children and young adults (in the first 20 years of life). They usually arise in the cerebellum, near the brainstem, in the hypothalamic region, or the optic chiasm, but they may occur in any area where astrocytes are present, including the cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord.
However, the tumor may recur if the resection is incomplete, in which case further surgery or the use of other therapies may be required. Standard radiotherapy for fibrillary astrocytoma requires 10 to 30 sessions, depending on the subtype of the tumor, and may sometimes be performed after surgical resection to improve outcomes and survival rates.
1.4.1 Pilocytic astrocytoma 1.4.2 High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features 1.4.3 Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma 1.4.4 Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma 1.4.5 Chordoid glioma 1.4.6 Astroblastoma, MN1-altered 1.5 Glioneuronal and neuronal tumours 1.5.1 Ganglioglioma 1.5.2 Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma / desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma
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