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The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR, [a] or WSR: waist-to-stature ratio) is the waist circumference divided by body height, both measured in the same units. WHtR is a measure of the distribution of body fat. Higher values of WHtR indicate higher risk of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases, which are correlated with abdominal obesity. [1]
In other words, a reduction in weight and a constant waist circumference worsens the risk classification, while an increase in weight with the same waist circumference leads to an improvement. Thus, more muscle with a small waist circumference leads to a better risk classification. This is a significant difference to BMI.
Absolute waist circumference (>102 cm (40 in) in men and >88 cm (35 in) in women) [78] Waist–hip ratio (the circumference of the waist divided by that of the hips of >0.9 for men and >0.85 for women) [1] Waist-stature ratio (waist circumference divided by their height, >0.5 for adults under 40 and >0.6 for adults over 50)
The waist–hip ratio or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the dimensionless ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. This is calculated as waist measurement divided by hip measurement (W ⁄ H). For example, a person with a 75 cm waist and 95 cm hips (or a 30-inch waist and 38-inch hips) has WHR of about 0.79.
BMI is further evaluated in terms of fat distribution via the waist–hip ratio and total cardiovascular risk factors. [2] [3] In children, a healthy weight varies with sex and age, and obesity determination is in relation to a historical normal group. [4]
Further, whether waist circumference or body mass index (BMI) is a better predictor of adverse health outcomes is debatable. For example, those who lift weights may have high BMI but are at relatively low risk for cardiovascular consequences. For these people, waist circumference may be a better indicator of overall health.
An automatic calculator computes the BRI using waist, height and an ellipse factor. [1] [2] The only device needed to determine BRI is a measuring tape for circumference of waist and determination of height. [1] [2] These values are factored with an eccentricity equation in a calculator. [1] [2]
Other research suggests that the association of BMI and waist circumference with mortality is U- or J-shaped, while the association between waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio with mortality is more positive. [45] In Asians the risk of negative health effects begins to increase between 22 and 25 kg/m 2. [46]