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  2. Weathering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering

    Physical weathering, also called mechanical weathering or disaggregation, is the class of processes that causes the disintegration of rocks without chemical change. Physical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments through processes such as expansion and contraction, mainly due to temperature changes.

  3. Abrasion (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrasion_(geology)

    Abrasion is a process of weathering that occurs when material being transported wears away at a surface over time, commonly occurring with ice and glaciers. The primary process of abrasion is physical weathering. Its the process of friction caused by scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, and rubbing away of materials.

  4. Geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology

    Solidified lava flow in Hawaii Sedimentary layers in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Metamorphic rock, Nunavut, Canada. Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' and λoγία () 'study of, discourse') [1] [2] is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. [3]

  5. Category:Weathering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Weathering

    Bahasa Indonesia; ... Pages in category "Weathering" The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...

  6. Frost weathering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_weathering

    Frost weathering is a collective term for several mechanical weathering processes induced by stresses created by the freezing of water into ice. The term serves as an umbrella term for a variety of processes, such as frost shattering, frost wedging, and cryofracturing.

  7. Soil mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_mechanics

    Weathering mechanisms are physical weathering, chemical weathering, and biological weathering [1] [2] [3] Human activities such as excavation, blasting, and waste disposal, may also create soil. Over geologic time, deeply buried soils may be altered by pressure and temperature to become metamorphic or sedimentary rock, and if melted and ...

  8. Geology of Indonesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Indonesia

    Indonesia is located between two continental plates: the Sahul Shelf and the Sunda Plate; and between two oceanic plates: the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. The subduction of the Indian Plate beneath the Sunda Plate formed the volcanic arc in western Indonesia, one of the most seismically active areas on the planet with a long ...

  9. Climate of Indonesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Indonesia

    The climate of Indonesia is almost entirely tropical. The uniformly warm waters that make up 81% of Indonesia's area ensure that temperatures on land remain fairly constant, with the coastal plains averaging 28 °C (82 °F), the inland and mountain areas averaging 26 °C (79 °F), and the higher mountain regions, 23 °C (73 °F).