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  2. Excludability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excludability

    A good, service or resource that is unable to prevent or exclude non-paying consumers from experiencing or using it can be considered non-excludable. An architecturally pleasing building, such as Tower Bridge , creates an aesthetic non-excludable good, which can be enjoyed by anyone who happens to look at it.

  3. Public good (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_good_(economics)

    Impure public goods: the goods that satisfy the two public good conditions (non-rivalry and non-excludability) only to a certain extent or only some of the time. For instance, some aspects of cybersecurity, such as threat intelligence and vulnerability information sharing, collective response to cyber-attacks, the integrity of elections, and ...

  4. Common good (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_good_(economics)

    Wild fish are an example of common goods. They are non-excludable, as it is impossible to prevent people from catching fish. They are, however, rivalrous, as the same fish cannot be caught more than once. Common goods (also called common-pool resources [1]) are defined in economics as goods that are rivalrous and non-excludable. Thus, they ...

  5. Club good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_good

    Club goods (also artificially scarce goods, toll goods, collective goods or quasi-public goods) are a type of good in economics, [1] sometimes classified as a subtype of public goods that are excludable but non-rivalrous, at least until reaching a point where congestion occurs. Often these goods exhibit high excludability, but at the same time ...

  6. Goods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goods

    The additional definition matrix shows the four common categories alongside providing some examples of fully excludable goods, Semi-excludable goods and fully non-excludeable goods. Semi-excludable goods can be considered goods or services that a mostly successful in excluding non-paying customer, but are still able to be consumed by non-paying ...

  7. Free-rider problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-rider_problem

    The free-rider problem is common with public goods which are non-excludable and non-rivalrous. Non-excludable means that non-payers cannot be stopped from getting use of or benefits from the good. Non-rival consumption stipulates that the use of a good or service by one consumer does not reduce its availability for another consumer.

  8. Public service - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service

    A public service may sometimes have the characteristics of a public good (being non rivalrous and non excludable), but most are services which may (according to prevailing social norms) be under-provided by the market. In most cases public services are services, i.e. they do not involve manufacturing of goods.

  9. Property rights (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)

    It is non-excludable, as excluding people is either impossible or prohibitively costly, and can be rivalrous or non-rivalrous. Open-access property is not managed by anyone, and access to it is not controlled. This is also known as a common property resource, impure public good or sometimes erroneously as a common pool resource. [13]