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Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Staging System. The prognosis of HCC is affected by the staging of the tumor, the liver's function due to the effects of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis as well as the person's physical performance status. [48] A number of staging classifications for HCC are available.
Molecular categorization via biopsy and pathological analysis aids in both diagnosis and understanding prognosis, particularly because hepatocellular adenomas have the potential to become malignant. [2] [7] It is important to note, percutaneous biopsy should be avoided, because this method can lead to bleeding or rupture of the adenoma. [7]
The most frequent liver cancer, accounting for approximately 75% of all primary liver cancers, is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). [15] HCC is a cancer formed by liver cells, known as hepatocytes, that become malignant. In terms of cancer deaths, worldwide HCC is considered the 3rd most common cause of cancer mortalities. [16]
The list of conditions associated with chronic liver disease is extensive and can be categorised in the following way: [3]. Viral causes. Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and yellow fever viruses cause acute hepatitis.
Primary liver cancer most commonly manifests as hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma; rarer forms include angiosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma of the liver. (Many liver malignancies are secondary lesions that have metastasized from primary cancers in the gastrointestinal tract and other organs, such as the kidneys, lungs.) [16]
Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts. [2] Symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma may include abdominal pain, yellowish skin, weight loss, generalized itching, and fever. [1] Light colored stool or dark urine may also occur. [4]
Symptoms: None, tiredness, pain in the upper right side of the abdomen [1] [2] Complications: Cirrhosis, liver cancer, esophageal varices [1] [3] Types: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease [1] Causes: Alcohol, diabetes, obesity [3] [1] Diagnostic method: Based on the medical history supported by blood tests ...
The survival rate for FLC largely depends on whether (and to what degree) the cancer has metastasized, i.e. spread to the lymph nodes or other organs. Distant spread (metastases), significantly reduces the median survival rate. [19] Five-year survival rates vary between 40 and 90%. [19]
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