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In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, printf is a shell builtin (and utility program [2]) that formats and outputs text like the same-named C function. Originally named for outputting to a printer, it actually outputs to standard output. [3] The command accepts a format string, which specifies how to format values, and a list of values.
printf is a C standard library function that formats text and writes it to standard output. The name, printf is short for print formatted where print refers to output to a printer although the functions are not limited to printer output. The standard library provides many other similar functions that form a family of printf-like functions.
The second set of commands send data to be printed on the current line plus a paper movement instruction to the printer. Note that in contrast to the ASA control characters, the IBM machine print control characters ask the printer to firstly print the data on the current line, and then secondly advance the paper.
According to the Open Group Base Specifications, IFS is an abbreviation for "input field separators." [1] A newer version of this specification mentions that "this name is misleading as the IFS characters are actually used as field terminators."
In addition to the '2' value after 48 to specify a Red-Green-Blue format (and the '5' above for a 0-255 indexed color), there are alternatives of '0' for implementation-defined and '1' for transparent - neither of which have any further parameters; '3' specifies colors using a Cyan-Magenta-Yellow scheme, and '4' for a Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black ...
Box-drawing characters, also known as line-drawing characters, are a form of semigraphics widely used in text user interfaces to draw various geometric frames and boxes. These characters are characterized by being designed to be connected horizontally and/or vertically with adjacent characters, which requires proper alignment.
A shell portability mode where command lines can be interpreted in conformance with the POSIX standard; Command parsing: Comments are ignored: Bourne-style # hashtag comments, and; Thompson-style : colon comments; Commands are parsed one line at a time: Control structures are honored, and; Backslash \ escapes are also honored at the ends of lines;
The phrase is divided into multiple variables because in B a character constant is limited to four ASCII characters. The previous example in the tutorial printed hi! on the terminal, and the phrase hello, world! was introduced as a slightly longer greeting that required several character constants for its expression.