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A knee wall is a short wall, typically under three feet (one metre) in height, used to support the rafters in timber roof construction. In his book A Visual Dictionary of Architecture , Francis D. K. Ching defines a knee wall as "a short wall supporting rafters at some intermediate position along their length."
The walls must resist the lateral pressures generated by loose soils or, in some cases, water pressures. [3] Every retaining wall supports a "wedge" of soil. The wedge is defined as the soil which extends beyond the failure plane of the soil type present at the wall site, and can be calculated once the soil friction angle is known. As the ...
Landscaping to prevent water from damaging your home or flooding your basement is a smart strategy. Learn seven easy steps that everyone, from gardening newbies to seasoned pros, can try.
Buried around the external side of the foundation wall; Installed underneath the basement floor on the inside perimeter of the basement [6] In most homes, an external French drain or drain tile is installed around the foundation walls before the soil is backfilled. It is laid on the bottom of the excavated area, and a layer of stone is laid on top.
Lodging knee, the arm is sideways; Boson knee or lap knee, (unclear); Quarter knee, quarter sawn thus smaller but without the pith (center of the tree rings) so less prone to checking; Dagger knee, in shipbuilding, typically a hanging knee set slightly off diagonally to clear an obstruction such as a gunport in a fighting ship.
Soil particles can be classified by their chemical composition as well as their size. The particle size distribution of a soil, its texture, determines many of the properties of that soil, in particular hydraulic conductivity and water potential, [1] but the mineralogy of those particles can strongly modify those properties. The mineralogy of ...
Contour buffer strips used to retain soil and reduce erosion. A buffer strip is an area of land maintained in permanent vegetation that helps to control air quality, soil quality, and water quality, along with other environmental problems, dealing primarily on land that is used in agriculture.
In soil science, agriculture and gardening, hardpan or soil pan is a dense layer of soil, usually found below the uppermost topsoil layer. [1] There are different types of hardpan, all sharing the general characteristic of being a distinct soil layer that is largely impervious to water. Some hardpans are formed by deposits in the soil that fuse ...