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Loop diuretics may also precipitate kidney failure in patients concurrently taking an NSAID and an ACE inhibitor—the so-called "triple whammy" effect. [19] Because furosemide, torsemide and bumetanide are technically sulfa drugs, there is a theoretical risk that patients sensitive to sulfonamides may be sensitive to these loop diuretics. This ...
This causes an increase in renal free water excretion (aquaresis), an increase in serum sodium concentration, a decrease in urine osmolality, and an increase in urine output. [16] 5. collecting duct: Na-H exchanger antagonists: dopamine [17] Promotes Na + excretion 2. proximal tubule [17] Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: acetazolamide, [17 ...
Furosemide is primarily used for the treatment of edema, but also in some cases of hypertension (where there is also kidney or heart impairment). [14] It is often viewed as a first-line agent in most people with edema caused by congestive heart failure because of its anti-vasoconstrictor and diuretic effects.
Triamterene, specifically, is a potential nephrotoxin and up to half of the patients on it can have crystalluria or urinary casts. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Due to its activity as an androgen receptor antagonist and progesterone receptor agonist, spironolactone causes adverse effects, including gynecomastia or decreased libido in males and menstrual ...
[214] Patients taking spironolactone must be monitored for side effects including dizziness, headache, fatigue, diarrhea, hypertriglyceridemia and elevated liver enzymes. [ 215 ] [ 216 ] Other activities of spironolactone may include very weak interactions with the estrogen and progesterone receptors and agonism of the pregnane X receptor .
more than 1/10 of all patients [1] hypokalaemia, which can lead to nausea, muscular weakness or cramps, and ECG abnormities; 1/100 to 1/10. hyponatraemia, which can lead to headache, nausea, drowsiness or confusion; orthostatic hypotension; initially increase of urea, uric acid and creatinine, which can lead to a gout attack in predisposed patients
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The rare nature of Dent's disease makes it difficult to coordinate large controlled studies, so most evidence for thiazide use is with too few patients to make broad recommendations possible. [24] Long-term thiazide use may not be advisable due to the risk of significant adverse side effects.