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  2. Flying and gliding animals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_and_gliding_animals

    The smallest flying vertebrates are the bee hummingbird and the bumblebee bat, both of which may weigh less than 2 grams (0.071 oz). They are thought to represent the lower size limit for endotherm flight. [citation needed] The smallest flying invertebrate is a fairyfly wasp species, Kikiki huna, at 0.15 mm (0.0059 in) (150 μm). [23] Fastest.

  3. Pterosaur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterosaur

    This material gave birth to a German school of pterosaur research, which saw flying reptiles as the warm-blooded, furry and active Mesozoic counterparts of modern bats and birds. [111] In 1882, Marsh and Karl Alfred Zittel published studies about the wing membranes of specimens of Rhamphorhynchus .

  4. Bird flight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_flight

    Lesser flamingos flying in formation. When in gliding flight, the upward aerodynamic force is equal to the weight.In gliding flight, no propulsion is used; the energy to counteract the energy loss due to aerodynamic drag is either taken from the potential energy of the bird, resulting in a descending flight, or is replaced by rising air currents ("thermals"), referred to as soaring flight.

  5. List of examples of convergent evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_examples_of...

    Migrating birds like, Swainson's thrushes can have half the brain sleep with the other half awake. Dolphins, whales, Amazonian manatee and pinnipeds can do the same. Called unihemispheric slow-wave sleep. [113] Brood parasitism, laying eggs in the nests of birds of other species, happens in types of birds that are not closely related. [114]

  6. Giant tortoise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_tortoise

    These tortoises can weigh as much as 417 kg (919 lb) and can grow to be 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in) long. Giant tortoises originally made their way to islands from the mainland via oceanic dispersal. Tortoises are aided in such dispersal by their ability to float with their heads up and to survive for up to six months without food or fresh water. [3]

  7. Bird migration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_migration

    For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (2.5 kn) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.

  8. Bird - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird

    Birds with eyes on the sides of their heads have a wide visual field, while birds with eyes on the front of their heads, such as owls, have binocular vision and can estimate the depth of field. [ 123 ] [ 124 ] The avian ear lacks external pinnae but is covered by feathers, although in some birds, such as the Asio , Bubo and Otus owls , these ...

  9. Desert tortoise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_tortoise

    The annual death rate of adults is typically a few percent, but is much higher for young desert tortoises. Only 2–5% of hatchlings are estimated to reach maturity. Estimates of survival from hatching to 1 year of age for Mojave Desert tortoises range from 47 to 51%. Survival of Mojave Desert tortoises from 1 to 4 years of age is 71–89%. [8]