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Childbirth, also known as labour, parturition and delivery, is the completion of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginal delivery or caesarean section. [7] In 2019, there were about 140.11 million human births globally. [9]
The birth plan may be simple or detailed and complex, depending on individual preferences, and may be revised over the course of pregnancy if desired. [4] One may be written at any point during pregnancy, though it is often recommended to do so during the third trimester and after the pregnant woman is provided with information about the physiology of delivery, as well as possible choices and ...
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Carolyn F. Sargent and Grace Bascope's essay ("Ways of Knowing about Birth in Three Cultures") compares the ways that women view birth practitioners and decisions made during birth in Texas, Jamaica and the Yucatan. [1] [6] The author shows the ways that authoritative knowledge is used in certain social / cultural groups in relation to others.
During his tenure, Karamchand married four times. His first two wives died young, after each had given birth to a daughter, and his third marriage was childless. In 1857, Karamchand sought his third wife's permission to remarry; that year, he married Putlibai (1844–1891), who also came from Junagadh, [6] and was from a Pranami Vaishnava family.
The average time to birth has been estimated to be 268 days (38 weeks and two days) from ovulation, with a standard deviation of 10 days or coefficient of variation of 3.7%. [33] Fertilization age is sometimes used postnatally (after birth) as well to estimate various risk factors.
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring, [1] also referred to in technical contexts as parturition. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the muscular walls of the uterus to contract, expelling the fetus at a developmental stage when it is ready to feed and breathe.
Colostrum, which is produced for the first two to four days after childbirth, enhances immunity in infants [23] [24] and is hypothesized to have anti-inflammatory properties. [25] It is suggested infants fed with human colostrum have lower incidence of gastrointestinal infections . [ 25 ]