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However, others have defensive high self-esteem, and while they also report positive self-views on the Rosenberg Scale, these views are fragile and easily threatened by criticism. Defensive high self-esteem individuals internalize subconscious self-doubts and insecurities, causing them to react very negatively to any criticism they may receive.
Personality characteristics vary widely between people and have been found to moderate the effects of illusory superiority, one of the main examples of this is self-esteem. Brown (1986) found that in self-evaluations of positive characteristics participants with higher self-esteem showed greater illusory superiority bias than participants with ...
Self-esteem stability refers to immediate feelings of self-esteem which, generally, will not be influenced by everyday positive or negative experiences. [1] In contrast, unstable self-esteem refers to fragile and vulnerable feelings of self-esteem which will be influenced by internally generated, such as reflecting on one's social life, and externally received evaluative information, for ...
Such theories suggest that individuals regulate their self-esteem through two strategies: self-enhancement (advancing oneself or promoting positive self-views) and self-protection (fending off negative views of the self). [11] Back et al. reason that because narcissistic self-views are inflated, so too must be the processes of self-regulation.
Very high levels of core self-evaluations, a stable personality trait composed of locus of control, neuroticism, self-efficacy, and self-esteem, [43] may lead to the overconfidence effect. People who have high core self-evaluations will think positively of themselves and be confident in their own abilities, [43] although extremely high levels ...
A self-serving bias is any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem, or the tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner. [1] It is the belief that individuals tend to ascribe success to their own abilities and efforts, but ascribe failure to external factors. [2]
Low self-esteem may have one or many roots, depending on the individual. "Low confidence can be attributed to environmental, biological and psychological factors," says Dr. Lira de la Rosa.
Having both too low or too high self-esteem can be detrimental to an individual's mental health. [ 96 ] [ 97 ] Low self-esteem in particular can result in aggression, self-deprecating behavior, anxiety, and other mental disorders. [ 98 ]