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Vincristine, also known as leurocristine and marketed under the brand name Oncovin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. [5] This includes acute lymphocytic leukemia , acute myeloid leukemia , Hodgkin's disease , neuroblastoma , and small cell lung cancer among others. [ 5 ]
These compounds include vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, and vinorelbine. Additional researched vinca alkaloids include vincaminol , vineridine , and vinburnine . Vinpocetine is a semi-synthetic derivative of vincamine (sometimes described as "a synthetic ethyl ester of apovincamine").
Indications [1] [2] [4] Major toxicities [1] [2] [4] [5] 1. Cytotoxic antineoplastics: 1.01 Nucleoside analogues: Azacitidine: SC, IV: DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and incorporates itself into RNA, hence inhibiting gene expression. [6] Myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukaemia and chronic myeloid leukaemia
The term 'hyper' refers to the hyperfractionated nature of the chemotherapy, which is given in smaller doses, more frequently, to minimize side effects. 'CVAD' is the acronym of the drugs used in course A: cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin (also known by its trade name, Adriamycin), and dexamethasone.
The combination is then referred to as COP (cyclophosphamide, Oncovin, and prednisone or prednisolone) or CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone or prednisolone). As elderly patients have a greater risk of toxicity from the drugs, an option is to use an attenuated drug regimen, called miniCHOP.
The most interesting thing was that vinblastine and vincristine, were found to lower the number of white cells in blood. A high number of white cells in the blood indicates leukemia, so a new anti-cancer drug had been discovered. These two alkaloids bind to tubulin to prevent the cell from making the spindles that it needs to be able to divide.
In November 2022, the FDA approved brentuximab vedotin in combination with doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide for people aged two years of age and older with previously untreated high risk classical Hodgkin lymphoma. [20] This is the first pediatric approval for brentuximab vedotin. [20]
Pegaspargase, sold under the brand name Oncaspar, is a medication used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). [5] Often it is used together with anthracycline, vincristine, and corticosteroids (for example prednisone and dexamethasone). [6]