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Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), previously known as pseudotumor cerebri and benign intracranial hypertension, is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause. [2] The main symptoms are headache, vision problems, ringing in the ears, and shoulder pain.
Scarring and fibrosis of the subarachnoid space following infectious, inflammatory, or hemorrhagic events can also prevent reabsorption of CSF, causing hydrocephalus. [ 47 ] Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a form of chronic communicating hydrocephalus, with enlarged cerebral ventricles and intermittently increased cerebrospinal fluid ...
Drug-induced intracranial hypertension (DIIH) or medication-induced intracranial hypertension is a condition of higher than normal intracranial pressure with the main cause being a drug. [15] This condition is similar to idiopathic intracranial hypertension , however the etiology in this instance is a drug. [ 16 ]
The arachnoid mater is torn and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space accumulates in the subdural space. Hygromas also push the subarachnoid vessels away from the inner table of the skull. [2] Subdural hygroma can appear in the first day, but the mean time of appearance is 9 days on CT scan.
Imaging should also reveal the absence of any cerebral mass lesions or any signs of obstructions. Although all patients with NPH have enlarged ventricles, not all elderly patients with enlarged ventricles have primary NPH. Cerebral atrophy can cause enlarged ventricles, as well, and is referred to as hydrocephalus ex vacuo. For these reasons it ...
Perivascular spaces may be enlarged to a diameter of five millimeters in healthy humans and do not imply disease. When enlarged, they can disrupt the function of the brain regions into which they project. [5] Dilation can occur on one or both sides of the brain. [7] Dilated perivascular spaces are categorized into three types: [7]
Treatment varies depending on whether or not it occurs with other medical conditions in the child and where the cerebrospinal fluid is present. [9] If benign and found between the brain and skull then no surgery is needed. [9] [15] If excess fluid is found between the ventricle spaces in the brain then surgery will be needed. [15]
Hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is general brain dysfunction due to significantly high blood pressure. [3] Symptoms may include headache, vomiting, trouble with balance, and confusion. [1] Onset is generally sudden. [1] Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye. [1] [3]