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Public administration is both an academic discipline and a field of practice; the latter is depicted in this picture of U.S. federal public servants at a meeting.. Public administration, or public policy and administration refers to "the management of public programs", [1] or the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day", [2] and also to the academic discipline ...
The implementation of public policy is known as public administration. Public policy can be considered the sum of a government's direct and indirect activities [5] and has been conceptualized in a variety of ways. They are created and/or enacted on behalf of the public, typically by a government.
Public policy is commonly embodied "in constitutions, legislative acts, and judicial decisions." [1] Public administration – implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work. [2]
The politics-administration dichotomy is an important concept in the field of public administration and shows no signs of going away because it deals with the policy-maker's role as an administrator and the balancing act that is the relationship between politics and administration. [5]
Woodrow Wilson defined public administration as a detailed and systematic execution of public law, he divided government institutions into two separate sectors, administration and politics. According to him politics is dealt with policy formulation and questions regarding such, whereas administration is equipped with carrying said policies out.
Private governance occurs when non-governmental entities, including private organizations, dispute resolution organizations, or other third party groups, make rules and/or standards which have a binding effect on the "quality of life and opportunities of the larger public." Simply put, private—not public—entities are making public policy.
Still, most typically the word "administration" refers to managerial functions in general, which may include local governments, or the hierarchy of national and local government, that applies to a town or district. More specifically, it may refer to public administration, the business of administering public policy as
The main thrust of the new public administration movement was to bring academic public administration into line with an anti-hierarchical egalitarian [26] movement that was influential in US university campuses and among public sector workers. By contrast, the emphasis of the new public management movement a decade or so later was firmly ...