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Italian scagliola top, second half of the 18th century. Scagliola (from the Italian scaglia, meaning "chips") is a type of fine plaster used in architecture and sculpture.The same term identifies the technique for producing columns, sculptures, and other architectural elements that resemble inlays in marble. [1]
The dado in a pedestal is roughly cubical in shape, and the word in Italian means "dice" or "cube" (ultimately Latin datum, meaning "something given", hence also a die for casting lots). [ 2 ] [ 4 ] By extension, the dado becomes the lower part of a wall when the pedestal is treated as being continuous along the wall, with the cornice becoming ...
These 'faults' induce his commentary on columns, the entablature, and on pediments. Essai sur l'architecture , frontispiece by Charles-Dominique-Joseph Eisen Among faults he lists for columns are that of "being engaged in the wall", the use of pilasters , incorrect entasis (swelling of the column), and setting columns on pedestals .
[4] [5] In the case of free-standing columns, the decorative elements atop the shaft are known as a finial. Modern columns may be constructed out of steel, poured or precast concrete, or brick, left bare or clad in an architectural covering, or veneer. Used to support an arch, an impost, or pier, is the topmost member of a column. The bottom ...
Two decorative Corinthian pilasters in the Church of Saint-Sulpice (Paris). In architecture, a pilaster is both a load-bearing section of thickened wall or column integrated into a wall, and a purely decorative element in classical architecture which gives the appearance of a supporting column and articulates an extent of wall.
Picture rail: Functional moulding installed 2.1–2.7 metres (7–9 ft) above the floor from which framed art is hung, common in commercial buildings and homes with plaster walls. Rosette: Circular, floral decorative element found in Mesopotamian design and early Greek stele, common in revival styles of architecture since the Renaissance. [4]
The walls were plaster panels, separated by fluted marble pilasters on wood pedestals. The ceiling is white plaster with decorative moldings. [69] In the northwest corner was the library, accessed by double-panel wood doors with carved wood moldings around it. The flooring was similar to that of the foyer, and the ceiling of plaster.
The purely decorative vault is made of plaster and suspended from a hidden wood framework above. In the western Islamic world, muqarnas decoration was definitively introduced during the reign of the Almoravid emir Ali ibn Yusuf .
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